Natuurlijke acute antihistaminica tegen allergieën

11 Jun, 2018

Door: Monique van Iwaarde

Wereldwijd lijden miljoenen mensen aan een allergische aandoening. De ernst hiervan en het aantal mensen dat eraan lijdt, is de laatste 25 jaar verdubbeld.¹ De functionele geneeskunde gaat op zoek naar de onderliggende oorzaken. Gedurende de zoektocht naar de oorzaken kan er eventueel (acuut) een natuurlijk antihistaminicum worden ingezet. In dit artikel worden enkele natuurlijke antihistaminica besproken die hiervoor in aanmerking komen.

De meest voorkomende allergieën zijn allergische rhinitis (hooikoorts), huisstofmijtallergie, allergisch astma, contactallergie, huisdierenallergie en voedselallergie. Een allergie kan een hevige ontstekingsreactie opwekken. Dit is het antwoord van het lichaam op het binnenkomen van lichaamsvreemde stoffen en op cel- en weefselschade als gevolg daarvan, met als doel deze te herstellen door middel van een serie reacties. Allereerst neemt de permeabiliteit van de bloedvaten toe, waarna de migratie van immuuncellen naar de beschadigde locatie<i(s) op gang komt. Vervolgens worden er inflammatoire mediatoren afgegeven en worden de dode cellen vernietigd en verwijderd door middel van fagocytose. Tot slot ontstaat er groei van nieuw weefsel en bloedvaten. Wanneer de reacties onvolledig verlopen of als deze aanhouden, leidt dit tot een chronische ontsteking.^2,4

Een ontstekingsproces wordt gekenmerkt door een gecoördineerde activering van verschillende signaalroutes die de expressie reguleren van zowel pro- als anti-inflammatoire mediatoren. Het proteïne NF-κB speelt hierin een belangrijke rol door te functioneren als een aan- en uitschakelaar. Het ontstekingsproces begint met celschade, waardoor fosfolipiden vrijkomen uit het celmembraan. Door middel van het enzym fosfolipase A2 (PLA2) worden deze omgezet in arachidonzuur, dat vervolgens wordt geactiveerd door pro-inflammatoire cytokinen (o.a. TNF-α en IL-6). Daarna wordt arachidonzuur door de enzymen cyclo-oxygenase en lipoxygenase via een serie reacties omgezet in een groep pro-inflammatoire cytokinen, eicosanoïden genaamd. Deze kunnen onderverdeeld worden in onder andere prostaglandinen, tromboxanen en leukotriënen, en ontstekingsziekten veroorzaken als allergie en astma. De anti-inflammatoire cytokinen (o.a. IL-4, IL-5 en IL-10) hebben de taak om de ontstekingsreactie op te lossen.⁶

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