Het rijke werkingsveld van tocolen

04 Feb, 2019

Door: Brigitte Baumeister

In 1922 ontdekten de wetenschappers Evans en Bishop de vet-oplosbare vitamine E als essentiële voedingsstof voor de vruchtbaarheid.¹³ Haar antioxidantfunctie werd vastgesteld door Mattill.¹⁴ Veel later bleek dat ze ook een rol heeft bij het tot uiting komen van genetische eigenschappen, de signaalwerking binnen cellen en van cellulaire functies in het algemeen.¹⁵ Wat wij doorgaans vitamine E noemen is een hele reeks tocolen, vaak met opmerkelijke eigenschappen.

Vitamine E is de verzamelnaam voor acht tocolen. Dat zijn alfa(α)-tocoferol, bèta(β)-tocoferol, gamma(ƴ)-tocoferol en delta(δ)-tocoferol en alfa-tocotriënol, beta-tocotriënol, gamma-tocotriënol en delta-tocotriënol. Van deze acht wordt alfa-tocoferol doorgaans vitamine E genoemd.
Tocolen worden geproduceerd en opgeslagen in bladeren van planten, noten en zaden, waaruit spijsoliën worden gewonnen.^2,3 Alfa-tocoferol (α-T) is vooral aanwezig in onder andere amandel-,¹⁶ pinda-,¹⁷ olijf-¹⁸ en zonnebloemolie.¹⁹ Het gehalte aan ƴ-T in koolzaad-, maïs-, camelina-, lijnzaad-, soja- en walnootolie is echter gelijk aan of hoger dan dat van α-T.^{2, 20, 21} Palmolie, de belangrijkste spijsolie ter wereld,²² bevat, behalve α-T, drie tocotriënolen (T3’s), namelijk α-, ƴ- en δ-tocotriënol.²³ T3’s komen het meest voor in rijstzemelen, palm- en annatto-oliën. Andere bronnen van T3’s zijn rogge, amaranth, walnoot, hazelnoot, papaver, saffloer, maïs, vlaszaad, druiven-en pompoenpitten.²⁴ Tabel 1 geeft een overzicht van de concentratie T’s en T3’s in spijsoliën.²

Qua chemische structuur hebben alle tocolen één chromanolring (bestaande uit zes C-atomen en een OH-groep) en een zijketen. Maar, in tegenstelling tot de T’s, hebben de T3’s drie dubbele bindingen in hun zijketen. Bovendien zijn er zowel bij de T’s als T3’s verschillen in aantal en plaats van hun methylgroepen. Deze komen tot uiting in de toevoegingen α-, β-, ƴ- en δ- (zie figuur 1).^25,26

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Bronvermelding:

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